This is a brief overview of contrastive analysis for the reader to understand the main points. Contrastive analysis hypotheses cah strong version the change that has to take place in the language behavior of a foreign language student can be equated to the differences between the structure of the students native language and culture and that of. Actually the contrastive analysis hypothesis may be stated in two versions, a strong version and a weak version. Contrastive analysis in nlp is a process of analyzing two sets of submodalities to discover the differences it is a technique that enables you to distinguish the different ways that someone codes their thinking.
Contrastive analysis and error analysis in combination. Critical examination of the assumptions of contrastive. Contrastive analysis has two aspectspsychological and linguistic. Document resume the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Contrastive meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. However, contrastive analysis certainly cannot predict these developmental errors. Historically it has been used to establish language genealogies. In the remainder of this discussion, i will conduct a contrastive analysis in which i compare the languages respective consonant and vowel systems, as well as a brief exploration of some phonotactic constraints. Postmodernism download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. Linguistics o contrastive analysis pays attention to different languages at lexical, phonological, syntactical and semantic levels o contrastive studies find similarities and differences between languages in. He goes on to point out subsequent theorists criticism of the subjectivity of original cah observations and presents research finding no support for the predictions of the contrastive analyses so carefully worked out by linguists p. Using both psycholinguistic and linguistic analysis, he establishes a sound theoretical basis for ca before going on to illustrate its contribution to the study of. Importance and uses of contrastive linguistics free essay. Contrastive linguistics is the first book written by a linguist from mainland china on the histories and principles of comparing and contrasting chinese and western languages, specifically english.
A basis for making selections, a format for contrasts, and a means of relating contrast and prediction is suggested. For instance, for a moment think of someone you really like, get a picture of him or her and notice where that picture is located in your visual field i. Contrastive analysis was influenced by the prevailing learning theories in the 1960s, notable among them being behaviourism and linguistics structuralisms. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The criticism is that contrastive analysis hypothesis could not be sustained by empirical evidence. Plan objectives by the end of this presentation trainee teachers are required to. Most analyses are weakened by insufficient care at one or more of these steps, each of which is beset with problems. In this paper the claim wilt be made that the strong version is quite unrealistic and impracticable, even though it is the one on which those who write contrastive analyses usually claim to base their work. This is often referred to as the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Contrastive analysis is the study and comparison of two languages. Raymond hickey the neat summary of linguistics page 4 of 40 there is a significant distinction between the act of uttering language paroleperformance and the system of a language which can be seen as the abstract ability of the single speaker to.
Although its initial impetus was linguistic analysis of written texts in collegelevel academic contexts, contrastive rhetoric has expanded its focus to the exploration of various genres, disciplines, and composing processes, as summarized by a pioneering monograph on contrastive rhetoric research by connor 1996. Be aware of some differences between arabic and english 4. Applying second language acquisition research to english language teaching in taiwan international journal on studies in english language and literature ijsell page 2 point for answering teachers questions. As recently as 1967 politzer affirmed perhaps the least questioned and least questionable application of linguistics is the contribution of contrastive analysis. At the end are guiding questions for the educator to contemplate instruction and contrastive analysis. A cultural semantic analysis sheds light on ways in which the italian language is related to italians character, values, and way of thinking, and it does so in contrastive perspective with english. Readers are encouraged to study more indepth to gain a full appreciation of this hypothesis. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Contrastive analysis presents a successful theoretical and practical case for the value of ca as a research tool, both for those studying applied linguistics and for teachers needing to adjust their teaching to the state of knowledge of their students. Doc contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage.
Contrastive analysis or contrastive linguistic is one of the applied linguistics that analyzes and describes the comparison equalities and differences between source language l1 and target language l2. Toward critical contrastive rhetoric sciencedirect. Contrastive analysis, error analysis and interlanguage in. Apr 30, 2020 contrastive analysis is the study and comparison of two languages.
Contrastive analysis it is a technique that enables you to distinguish the different ways that someone codes their thinking. It was soon pointed out that many errors predicted by contrastive analysis were inexplicably not observed in learners language. Contrastive analysis is viewed as an interlinguistic, bidirectional phenomenon which is concerned with both the form and function of language. Contrastive analysis includes all fields of linguistics such as phonology, semantics, syntax, morphology and pragmatics. Behaviourist theory behaviourism is a theory of psychology which states that human and animal behaviour can and should be studied in psychological process only. Experiments in psycholinguistics revealed that second language learning is a process needs to be passed through the filters of first language rule system. Contrastive analysis if language is a set of habits and if l1 habits can interfere with tl habits, then the proper focus of teaching should be on where the l1 and tl differ, since these are going to be the places which cause the most trouble for learners. Postmodernismis the name given to a range of philosophical positions and aesthetic styles that have developed since the 1950s. This is a discussion of another phase of bilingualismstructural difficulties in the target language of the student which impede his second language acquisition. Underlying postmodernism is the belief that all human knowledge is limited and culturally.
Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. There are two central aims to contrastive analysis. A part of the difficulties can be attributed to the mother. Ca is the study and comparison of two languages, learners target language tl and learners native language nl. Finally, there was the problem of finding a place for contrastive linguistics within the spectrum of language comparison, relative to other comparative approaches to linguistic analysis.
What these quotations show ig that neither the feasibility nor the usefulness of ca are called in question. Nov 15, 20 contrastive analysis a presentation by lulud, nicko, and novian slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A critical survey of contrastive analysis hypothesis in a. Contrastive analysis a presentation by lulud, nicko, and novian 2. Contrastive analysis hypotheses cah strong version the change that has to take place in the language behavior of a foreign language student can be equated to the differences between the structure of the students native language and culture and that of the target language and culture. Jun 01, 2012 contrastive analysis or contrastive linguistic is one of the applied linguistics that analyzes and describes the comparison equalities and differences between source language l1 and target language l2. The application of contrastive analysis in the classroom.
The basic pillars of the behaviourists theory is that habits are formed through repeated association between stimulus and response which is bounded when positively reinforced and eradicated. In addition, ca is a technique to identify whether two languages have something in common, which assess both similarities and differences in languages. This is done by looking at the structural similarities and differences of the studied languages. A traditional approach to contrastive rhetoric has emphasized cultural difference in rhetorical patterns among various languages. Each chapter focuses on a cultural keyword, tracing. Acomparisonoftheenglishandtagalogsoundsystems 3between these two languages. In this paper the claim wilt be made that the strong version is quite unrealistic and impracticable, even though it is the one on which those who write contrastive. What these quotations show ig that neither the feasibility nor the usefulness of ca are called in. Especially in the teaching of languages for which no considerable and 111. Mackey, bernard spolsky, and john macnamara for comments on earlier versions of this paper. Critical examination of the assumptions of contrastive analysis.
A contrastive analysis must proceed through four steps. Robert lado, linguistics across cultures, ann arbor. The psychological aspect is based upon the behaviourist theory. As such, contrastive analysis must view language psycholinguistically and sociolinguistically as a system to be both described and acquired. Contrastive analysis ca is a method to distinguish between what are needed and not needed to learn by the target languagetl learner by evaluating languages m. Proceedings of the canadian council of teachers of english convention, 1979.
The paper focuses on errors in learning english which do not derive from transfers from another language, and which cannot be predicted from contrastive analysis. Contrastive analysis and error analysis in combination with. Due to the need for a psychological component in the analysis, the notion of transfer is discussed. Full text of contrastive analysis and error analysis a. The definition ca is sla approach that compares features of l1 and l2 in order to determine the similarities and differences of l1 to l2 3. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage 1. L1 and l2, pointing at the specific features of each language system in its major areas. In other words, it is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying. For example, this can be comparing english with latin or basque with iroquois. Despite its laudable pedagogical intentions to raise teachers and students cultural and rhetorical awareness in second language writing, traditional contrastive rhetoric has perpetuated static binaries between english and other languages and viewed students as. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Applying second language acquisition research to english. Use the pedagogical implications of contrastive analysis in class. View contrastive analysis research papers on academia.